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In social psychology, the continuum model of impression formation was created by Fiske and Neuberg (1990).〔Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), ''Advances in experimental social psychology'' (Vol. 23 (pp. 1–74). New York: Academic Press. 〕 According to this model of impression formation, impressions are formed when individuals automatically categorize others into social categories. Upon categorization, individuals' responses to others are usually based on the activated emotions, cognitions, and behaviors that they associate with that social category. However, with sufficient motivation and resources, individuals can choose to ignore their stereotypes, get to know the person, and judge them based on learned individuating factors. == Historical context == The continuum model’s central statement dates back to 1982,〔Fiske, S. T. (1982). Schema-triggered effect: Applications to social perception. In M. S. Clark & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), Affect and cognition: The 17th Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition (pp. 55–78). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.〕 where Fiske proposed “schema-triggered affect” accounts for immediate evaluations made during social interactions and the effect associated with spontaneous social categorization.〔Fiske, S. T. (1982). Schema-triggered affect: Applications to social perception. In M. S. Clark & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), Affect and cognition: The 17th Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition (pp. 55–78). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.〕 〔Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23 (pp. 1-74). New York: Academic Press.〕 The development of the model came from a grant proposal in 1984 that became the basis for a chapter written by Fiske and Pavelchak (1986), which described the empirical support for the schema-triggered affect and compared it to the category-based models.〔Fiske, S. T., & Pavelchak, M. A. (1986). Category-based versus piecemeal-based affective responses: Developments in schema-triggered affect. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (pp. 167-203). New York: Guilford press. 1986-98550-006〕 Over the next four years Fiske and Neuberg developed the full model in detail, explaining the sequence of the stages in detail, as well as compared it to the existing literature.〔 The core concept of the model was the contradiction between the existing literature of impression formation and social cognition. The impression formation literature took an elemental and algebraic approach, where as social cognition took a more holistic and configural approach.〔.〕 The elemental approach to impression formation suggests that when individuals are making impressions they weigh the average of the isolated characteristics of a target individual. This approach developed by Anderson (1981) did well at predicting individuals evaluations of the target individual, but showed individuals characteristics as fixed and unchanged by other characteristics or factors.〔Anderson, J. R. (Ed.). (1981). Cognitive skills and their acquisition. Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum.〕 The configural approaches suggested that the target's characteristics could be viewed differently based on other characteristics they possessed. The continuum model synthesized these two approaches by proposing that people can use a range of processes to develop an impression. The use of these different processes depends on two main factors: the available information and the perceiver's motivation.〔Kunda, Z., & Thagard, P. (1996). Forming impressions from stereotypes, traits, and behaviors: A parallel-constraint-satisfaction theory. Psychological Review, 103(2), 284–308.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Continuum model of impression formation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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